The First Chapter of Of Mice and Men in his Film Version of the Book Essay Example for Free

The First Chapter of Of Mice and Men in his Film Version of the Book Essay Gary Sinese presents the first chapter of Of Mice and Men quite differently in his film version, compared to the book because of several major changes he has made. The book was written in the 1930s and is about the events that happen involving two men, George and Lennie, going to work on a ranch. The film, however is a modern adaptation, made in the 1990s. Probably one of the most important changes made is that of the mood of the opening. In the book the opening is very descriptive with a very calm and tranquil feeling. This is shown by the following extract: The water is warm too, for it has slipped, twinkling over the yellow sands and on the sandy bank under the trees the leaves lie deep. There is also quite a slow pace in the book because there is over a page and a half of text describing the area and atmosphere before the characters are even introduced. In the film version the opening is quite different to the book. The mood is darker as the opening scene consists of George sitting in a dimly lit train with a beam of light focusing on his eyes. There is then a flashback, to a woman, crying, running through a field. The camera tracks her movement, focusing on her eyes, until she runs past it. This tells the audience that she is fleeing from something terrible because of the terror in her eyes. The scene then switches to George and Lennie being chased by a mob. This shows there is a faster pace to the film, as there is no descriptive setting of the same location. Also Sinese added the detail of George and Lennie being chased, because this is only briefly mentioned in the book, and not in great detail. He added this scene to create an opening with tension, which chases often create in film. The fast paced music included in the scene also creates tension, and the silence as George and Lennie hide with the mob a few feet away creates a feeling of suspense. This then makes the audience want to keep watching to discover why George and Lennie were being chased. Sinese also added scenes where George and Lennie collect their work passes and ride the bus so these events would not have to be explained using dialogue like in the book, as this might bore audiences. For example, in the book George says to Lennie: You remember about us goin into Murray and Readys, an they give us work cards and bus passes? If it were done this way in the film, George would also have to explain what happened on the bus ride and why they are now on the road, which would have been harder for the audience to understand. The costumes of George and Lennie stay loyal to the book. In the book their outfits are described as: Denim trousers and denim coats with brass buttons. Both wore black, shapeless hats and both carried tight blanket rolls. The costumes in the film stay true to this, especially with Lennie, who wears exactly the same outfit. George, however, has a slightly different jacket and hat. In the book George is described as: small and quick, dark of face, with restless eyes and sharp, strong features. Sinese decided to play George himself, but he does not have the sharp, strong, defined features that are described in the book. Lennie is described as: a huge man, shapeless of face, with large pale eyes, with wide, sloping shoulders. He is also compared to a bear on several separate occasions, one of these being: he walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws. John Malcovich, who plays lennie, does not have many of these features. Although he slouches and drags his feet, he does not have the large pale eyes or the build. Also he makes Lennie sound too simple. First impressions of the characters are shown quite similarly using the characters dialogue. It is more apparent that Lennie is more forgetful in the book but George seems more controlling in the film. This is shown when George discovers that Lennie has a dead mouse. In the film George forcefully takes it away from Lennie, while in the book George tries to reason with Lennie by calmly saying: come on, give it here, and Lennie obeys. After George takes the mouse away in the film, Lennie begins to cry. This show how strict George can be and how much like a child Lennie, which is not shown much in the book. The location in which the characters are first introduced is described as: a narrow pool with a path through the willows and sycamores The location they use in the film is true to the setting in the book, although the pool seems to be shown inn a different area to the road. Overall, the film is an average adaptation of the book with authentic locations and costumes and a dramatic, tension-filled opening, that grips the audience. But more time could have been spent on casting the main characters of George and Lennie and developing their dialogue and body language.

A Comparative Analysis of “Cry Freedom” and “Island in the Sun” Essay

Racism and racial segregation are forms of discrimination based traditionally on unmerited economic, social and political orders. These principles transform and re-invent and continue to manifest themselves in modern societies causing severe mental scars and perpetuating deep inequality and poverty. Colonialism in the British Caribbean illustrated by the film â€Å"Island in the Sun† which is chronologically first, and Post Colonialism in Africa illustrated by â€Å"Cry Freedom† have similarities and stark differences. Both films are used to portray society’s social-political issues. From the marginalization of black people socially, politically and economically to the notable use of laws that exploit, ostracize and impede the advancement of blacks while dividing them in the process. The films are set apart by their notable differences, in â€Å"Cry Freedom†, apartheid laws which were developed after the 20th century were codified which set legal barriers of white domination and racial separation. Racial discrimination was systemized and banned marriages between blacks and whites, and sanctioned certain jobs for whites only. â€Å"Island in the Sun†, on the other hand attempts to trade unionize the workforce to help blacks to become empowered because up to that point blacks could not work in certain areas. While both films reflect different time periods they simultaneously reflect the clutch of colonial mindsets on mental realities within The Bahamas. In â€Å"Island in the Sun† we see the Caribbean in the 1950s, historically during this time there was ‘de jure’ racial segregation between the two diverse groups – blacks and whites. What black people could and could not do was very present in this film. Here we see the character David Boyhe a mixed-ra... ...uld result in a movement whose final triumph would be majority rule and the dismantling of the system of apartheid that inhibited Bahamian blacks socially, politically and economically (Martin and Storr 21). Works Cited Barlas, Robert. The Bahamas. TarryTown: marshall cavendish Benchmark, 2000. Bethel, Nicolette. "Engendering the Bahamas." College of The Bahamas Research Journal XIII (2003). â€Å"Cry Freedom†. Dir. Richard Attenborough. Perf. Denzel Washington. 1987. Martin, Nona. "I’se a Man. Political Awakening and the 1942 Riot in the Bahamas." Journal of Caribbean History, 41 (1&2) (2008): 3. McCartney, Donald M. Bahamian Culture and Factors Which Impact Upon It. Pittsburg: Dorrance Publishing Co, inc, 2004. Wolpe, Harold. "‘Capitalism and cheap labour-power in South Africa: From segregation to apartheid'." Economy and Society 1(4) (1972): 425-456.

Love In The Time of Cholera Analysis Paper Essay

In the novel, Love in the Time of Cholera written by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez, there are many symbols to represent, literally, love in the time of cholera. These symbols are flowers, birds, and rain. Mà ¡rquez uses these similar terms to describe the effects of love and cholera throughout the novel by using all of those symbols ultimately represent or foreshadow anguish and unfortunate disasters that Cholera can bring. Cholera was a contagious disease affecting most of the population in where the story takes place. Though, this book is heavily centered on the disease and love, the author is primarily focusing on literal â€Å"lovesickness†. One generally does not associate sweet and pure love with diarrhea, infections, or a painful death, which is why cholera is used to depict the lovesickness in this novel. Cholera is a disease, like falling in love (lovesickness), drives you crazy, you suffer, and you could die without ever being content with the life you’ve had so far. An example of lovesickness in the novel, is when Florentino is driven crazy by falling in love with Fermina. Instead of being a physical illness like cholera, lovesickness is a mental disease. See more: analytical writing Florentino was so crazy in love with Fermina,the only way he could deal with this love was to eat flowers. Flowers represent the anguish of love and further suffering.Though flowers represented hope and love for Florentino, it ultimately lead to disaster of suffering, just like how cholera suddenly ends a life. It was as if Fermina was the flower petals, and Florentino consumed the flower petals to consume all the affection and rejection he was receiving from Fermina. Until Fermina can be with him, the only thing that Florentino has of Fermina are those flower petals he is consuming. Florentino also suffers from physical pains of lovesickness. The flower petals he consumes make him so violently ill, that his mother thought he had cholera, which is ironic considering the parallel of the two. Florentino feels the anguish of love and the only for him to express that was to consume flower petals. This was necessary for Florentino because he was suffering so much emotional pain he almost felt dead, and physical pain was imperative for him to feel alive. Birds, like Cholera, lead to death. Mà ¡rquez uses the birds in the novel as an ironic message of love that soon leads to a disastrous end. Birds were the reason why people died, just like Cholera will make people die. In the novel, Mà ¡rquez does not include a character that actually died from Cholera. However, he does include characters that die from â€Å"love sickness† at the hands of birds. Since lovesickness serves as a parallel to Cholera, we can assume that birds also represent Cholera, which is the fate of death. The most prominent example is when Dr.Urbino tried to catch his beloved parrot and eventually fell to his death. The parrot that Dr. Urbino spent countless hours of dedication and the bird that he had paid more attention than he did to his own children, that lead ironically to his death. Another example when Olimpia Zuleta gave Florentino a carrier pigeon as a thank-you for rescuing her and her parasol. Florentino sent back the carrier pigeon with an unsigned love note, and thus the romance between the two began. The Pigeon that lead to a romance between the two soon ended when the husband discovered her infidelity and Olimpia was killed. Both Dr.Urbino and Olimpia lose their lives to love, whether it be because of a bird or for a bird. I believe that the birds also And last but not least, rain (or any type of water) finally represents a point in the book when a barrier has been overcome and there is a renewed chance for love. Rain represents the drastic change in a book, just like how Cholera can bring about a drastic change in one’s life. The first downpour of rain brings about two critical changes, which is when Dr. Urbino dies and the reappearance of Florentino in Fermina’s life. The rain not only symbolized a tragic and sad death, which is what Cholera is, the rain symbolized a new renewed hope of love between Florentino and Fermina. The rain is possibly the only â€Å"positive† symbol Mà ¡rquez uses in order to portray Cholera as a drastic change in the novel. Throughout Love in the Time of Cholera, Mà ¡rquez uses symbols such as cholera, flowers, birds and rain, to symbolize important aspects of love and to describe Cholera. Though these symbol may seem little or no significance in the beginning, a reader can clearly see and understand the importance, effect, and deeper meaning of these symbols and how they tie together to figuratively portray Cholera.-KC .

The Impact of External Debt on the Nigerian Economy

Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa (Volume 10, No.3, 2008) ISSN: 1520-5509 Clarion University of Pennsylvania, Clarion, Pennsylvania THE IMPACT OF EXTERNAL DEBT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NIGERIA AND SOUTH AFRICA Folorunso S. Ayadi University of Lagos Felix O. Ayadi Texas Southern University Abstract This paper investigates the impact of the huge external debt, with its servicing requirements, on economic growth of the Nigerian and South African economies. The external debts of Nigeria and South Africa are analyzed in a new context utilizing traditional, but innovative, models and econometric techniques. The Neoclassical growth model, which incorporates external sector, debt indicators, and some macroeconomic†¦show more content†¦South Africa’s loan increased from 40% to 70% of foreign debt. Its total foreign indebtedness increased steadily as loans were acquired from the IMF, whenever the foreign bankers turn down its request for loan. In addition, indebtedness was stabilized through gold swap. The debt problem became endemic in 1984, as about two-thirds of its outstanding loans had a maturity of one year or less. The public sector was responsible for the 16% of South Africa’s foreign debt; 44% of South Africa’s foreign liabilities were inc urred by the banking sector; the remaining 40% were private liabilities. When Chase Manhattan withdrew substantial credit lines from South Africa in 1985, a major foreign debt crisis became glaring. The impact of credit freeze and refusal to roll credit over on South Africa led to a drop in the value of rand (South African currency) and temporary closure of the financial and foreign-exchange market. Liabilities not affected by the freeze include trade credits, credits guaranteed by the Paris Club, member governments, and loans from IMF and Central Banks. Also compounding South Africa’s debt problem was the large proportion of debt that was denominated in hard non-dollar currencies, but appreciated in dollar terms as the dollar weakened. Since then, South Africa’s external debt has been high and continued to follow a predictable upward trend, exerting substantial negative impact on productivity and growth. The Deutsche Bank (2008) showed the South AfricanShow MoreRelate dThe Petroleum Revenue And Economic Growth Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pagesdomestic product. Petroleum sector is the mainstay of Nigerian economy since its discovery in commercial quantity in Oloibiri, Bayelsa State Nigeria in 1956. From 1970 to 2009, the income from petroleum stood at 82 percent with 18 percent from non-oil revenue. According to the world bank, â€Å"Nigeria is the biggest exporter of oil in Africa with the largest natural gas reserve in the continent†. One of the main sources of petroleum income to the Nigerian government is the petroleum Profit Tax. 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